Epilepsy

Epilepsy or epileptic disorder involves occasional loss of consciousness or altered behavior accompanied by numerous vegetative-motor symptoms/uncontrolled convulsions, vacant stare, inability to communicate, urination, tongue biting, agitation, incoherent mumbling, psychomotor restlessness, etc.

Professional help should be sought even after the first epileptic seizure for planned diagnostics and initiation of therapeutic engagement.

Symptoms of epileptic seizures can vary, including:

1. Convulsions: Uncontrolled spasms and body movements.
2. Loss of consciousness: The person may lose consciousness during a seizure.
3. Abnormal behavior: Behavior that is not typical for the person during a seizure.
4. Feeling of fear or anxiety: People with epilepsy often describe a feeling of fear during and after a seizure.

Diagnosis of epilepsy usually includes:

1. Medical history: Gathering information about seizures and other symptoms.
2. Electroencephalography (EEG): Testing the brain’s electrical activity.
3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT): Brain examination to detect structural changes.

Epilepsy is a condition that requires careful management and an individual approach. People with epilepsy can lead fulfilling lives with appropriate therapy and support from their environment. Early diagnosis, proper treatment, and education on managing epilepsy are crucial for improving the quality of life for those suffering from this neurological disorder.

Antiepileptic therapy begins immediately upon diagnosis. The prescribed medication should be taken according to the doctor’s instructions.

Treatment of epilepsy often includes:

1. Antiepileptic drugs: Medications that help control epileptic seizures.
2. Ketogenic diet: A diet high in fats and low in carbohydrates that may help some people with epilepsy.
3. Surgical procedures: In certain cases, surgical interventions may be an option.

Therapy is long-term; initially, check-ups are frequent/monthly/, and once control of seizures is established, i.e., reduction or disappearance of seizures, check-ups can be conducted every 3-6 months.

1. Regular medical check-ups: Monitoring and adjusting treatment with the help of a doctor.
2. Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding factors that may provoke seizures.
3. Community Support: Connecting with support groups and educating family and friends.

Patients on antiepileptic therapy can engage in sports, drive cars while adhering to advice, especially regular nutrition and quality sleep. They can perform all jobs except those that would endanger them in case of a seizure/work with machines, boilers, at heights, etc.

Patients planning pregnancy, together with their chosen doctor, opt for antiepileptic therapy that is proven not to cause teratogenic effects on the fetus, and with frequent check-ups and therapy adjustments according to weight gain, successfully carry out the pregnancy.

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